International commercial arbitration enjoys great importance as it is one of the most significant alternative means for settling commercial disputes. It plays an expanding role in achieving justice and reducing the negative effects arising from the slowness and complexity of judicial litigation (1). Arbitration takes multiple forms. On the one hand, it may be arbitration […]
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The Patent Law of the Member States of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, approved pursuant to Royal Decree (M/28) dated 10/6/1422H and amended pursuant to Royal Decree (M/74) dated 6/8/1443H, stands out as one of the pivotal legislative pillars for achieving economic and developmental integration among those six states. This
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Technological advancement in recent years has developed the concept of trade in general, as it has facilitated the exchange of goods and avoided delays in receiving shipping documents. Replacing paper documents with electronic documents is among the most prominent changes that have accelerated procedures, reduced costs, and introduced the advantage of electronic data interchange, which
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The divergence of interests and contractual imbalance between the shipper and the carrier in the contract of carriage has deep historical roots arising from the clash between the two parties. The carrier imposes its terms as the stronger party in the contractual relationship, while the shipper submits to those terms unwillingly. Because such conflict is
Liability of the Shipper under the Rotterdam Rules Read More »
The maritime transport and logistics sector in the Kingdom is experiencing an accelerated digital transformation consistent with Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to enhance the Kingdom’s position as a global logistics hub. The electronic maritime bill of lading is one of the most prominent manifestations of this transformation, as it replaces the traditional paper bill
Electronic Maritime Bill of Lading Read More »
The Saudi E-Commerce Law issued by Royal Decree No. (M/126) dated 7/11/1440H constitutes an integrated legislative framework governing the conduct of electronic commercial activities in the Kingdom. It lays down firm foundations to ensure the reliability and transparency of electronic transactions and defines the rights and obligations of all parties, making it an effective instrument
Given the economic standing enjoyed by joint stock companies, the Saudi legislator was keen to devote six chapters to them within Part Four of the new Companies Law issued pursuant to Royal Decree No. (M/132) dated 1/12/1443H, in order to set out their provisions and the information and procedures involved in their incorporation. This article
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A group of companies, comprised of a holding company and its subsidiaries, constitutes a principal organisational model for corporate governance and for ensuring centralised management of major economic groups. In this field, the Saudi legislator has distinguished itself by striking a balance between enabling the holding company to exercise oversight and strategic management over its
Provisions Governing Groups of Companies Read More »
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia seeks to become a global force in investment by stimulating the Saudi economy, diversifying sources of income, and supporting the business environment in the Kingdom (1). Commercial franchise agreements (franchising) are among the most important tools of commercial expansion, as they enable companies to transfer their successful business model to
Multi-Unit Commercial Franchise Read More »
The presence of foreign companies contributes to diversifying the national economy by transferring knowledge and advanced technology, attracting investment, and localizing expertise, in addition to raising the level of competitiveness and quality in the Saudi market. In order to ensure alignment between the interests of such companies and the objectives of national development, operations must
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