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In light of the globalization of the economy and the interconnectedness of commercial relations across borders, it has become common for companies to own assets, commercial movables, and creditors in multiple countries. When those companies become financially distressed and enter financial crises, a complex legal challenge emerges: how can the process of insolvency (bankruptcy) be […]

The UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Limited Liability Organizations, issued in 2021, represents a legal framework that enables micro, small, and medium enterprises to integrate into formal economies, by organizing these enterprises as independent legal entities enjoying separate legal personality, with the liability of their members limited to their contributions therein without requiring a minimum capital.

In light of the spread of commercial concealment acts and the multiplicity and diversity of its forms (1), the Kingdom has been concerned with combating the crime of commercial concealment due to its significant impact on the national economy, as it leads to disruption of the distribution of resources through unfair competition and to an

The origin of the idea of the limited partnership company dates back to the sixth century BC, when the Greeks devised the maritime loan system. Under this system, Greek nobles would lend the ship-owner money to equip the ship with goods and equipment. Upon the ship’s arrival and the sale of its cargo, the lender

There is no notable difficulty in applying the bankruptcy rules provided for in the Bankruptcy Law when the debtor is a national individual or a national company conducting its commercial activity in its home country, to which it belongs by nationality and in which it disposes of its funds within its territory, and then ceases

Undoubtedly, the global economic development has been accompanied by an increased need for large-scale projects required by economic activity. (1) Consequently, many Arab countries have focused on enacting laws and regulations governing companies. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in fact, has issued the Companies Law under Royal Decree No. (M/132) dated 12/01/1443AH.  The increasing number

The regulation of commercial data in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a fundamental part of the legal framework governing commercial activities in the Kingdom, given its vital role in promoting transparency, protecting consumers, and supporting economic growth. To understand the importance of this regulation, it is necessary to define what constitutes commercial data, the

Joint stock companies have spread widely, and their importance and impact have grown significantly. Given the critical, influential, and effective role they play in the national economy of modern states, we find that major projects have been established in the form of joint stock companies, such as banks and insurance companies. States have even relied